Blessing of Kings - This raid/party buff is priority. You get much more out of it than you do Blessing of Might. However, Druids' buff, Mark of the Wild, is the same thing and doesn't stack.
Blessing of Might - This is a nice buff, too, but only use it if the raid/party already has access to another Blessing of Kings, or a Mark of the Wild. If there is a Druid in the group with you, it is your responsibility to make sure that everyone in the group has this buff at all times.
Cleanse - With at least 1 point in the Acts of Sacrifice talent, you can remove 1 snare or root effect from yourself when you cast it on yourself. It is also useful for removing diseases and poisons from yourself or others that may cause problems. Death Knight diseases, and a Priest's Devouring Plague are good examples.
Flash of Light - This should only be used as an emergency heal. It heals for a decent amount, but it will burn your mana very quickly. Use this very carefully and sparingly.
Holy Light - Generally useless, except when you gain a proc from your Crusade talent. With this proc, you can heal for a massive amount, for very little mana. You will gain a proc after killing a player or mob near your own level. Watch for it and use it carefully.
Consecration - This is only good for AoE DPS in PvE. Since it costs half of your maximum mana to use, you should never use this in PvP, unless you are confident you will be able to manage your mana.
Holy Wrath - This is used generally as soon as it comes off cooldown, because it can be used as another damage output ability, and can proc Divine Purpose. This is particularly effective in AoE DPS, and it also has the ability to stun undead and demons, and even elementals and dragonkin when glyphed.
Divine Plea - Never use this when you are in a situation where you will need to heal yourself or someone else. This should only be used when you are having trouble with your mana, and are not in a situation that I just mentioned.
Exorcism - Best used when you get an Art of War proc. It can be useful when hard casted at lower levels, but this is not the case at level 85 for Retribution.
Turn Evil - Same deal as its Wrath of the Lich King counterpart. Use this to control Death Knight and Warlock pets.
Hand of Freedom - This is best suited for using on raid/party members, rather than yourself, since you can remove such effects with Cleanse when you have 1 point invested in the Acts of Sacrifice talent.
Hand of Protection - Best for saving your caster raid/party members from physical damage or aggro, while still allowing them to cast freely. Please note that this does not grant immunity towards magic damage type attacks.
Divine Protection - This ability no longer causes Forbearance, and now has a relatively short cooldown. Use it freely to reduce damage done to yourself in times of need. I personally like to use this and Holy Radiance at the same time.
Hand of Reckoning and
Righteous Defense - You can use Hand of Reckoning to try and keep someone in combat, and both of these spells are useful in PvE to taunt mobs off of clothies who gain aggro, as you have a much higher probability of surviving the attacks than the clothie would.
Divine Shield - Lasts 8 seconds. Yes, it was nerfed. You can no longer get a full hearthstone cast inside the duration of Divine Shield. However, the utility it was used for in previous expansions remains the same. It drops all of your threat to 0 for its duration, and wipes any and all debuffs on you. This can be useful when you steal aggro from a tank in a dungeon or raid, and can be useful in PvP for wiping DoTs off of yourself, or giving you the time you need to survive/heal. Please note that now, with the nerfed effects of heals, your heals are now almost completely gimped.
Hand of Sacrifice - This is a defensive cooldown that is primarily used to assist a raid or party member. It reduces the damage done to them by 30%, and redirects that damage to you. Recommended that you do not use it on a tank, as it may very well get you killed. In PvP, if you use this on a group member, the damage received through it will break certain kinds of crowd control effects. These include Polymorph, Sap, Blind, Scatter Shot, and sometimes even Fear, and other similar effects.
Hand of Salvation - This ability decreases the amount of threat you are generating on all targets you are in combat with. It can also be used as a "junk buff" in PvP to help buffer your burst abilities from being dispelled or spellstolen.
Hammer of Justice - Yep. Still the same ol' stun. Can be useful for keeping a mob in PvE under control, and preventing it from casting harmful abilities. It is recommended to be used in a similar way in PvP. Only use it on targets that your team is "chain CC'ing", or on a target that is about to cast things that are going to give you trouble. Particularly things like burst damage and heals.
Righteous Fury - No longer has a talent that decreases the damage done to you, and is no longer considered a "magic" type of buff, which means it cannot be dispelled or spellstolen. These changes render it particularly useless, unless you want to increase your threat generation in PvE for some reason.
Avenging Wrath - Same 20% damage and healing increase that it was in Wrath of the Lich King. This is still our staple burst ability, but it does now have a new twist. When you have at least one talent point invested in Sanctified Wrath, you can use Hammer of Wrath at any time on any target while under the effects of Avenging Wrath. This basically means you now have been given an incredible amount of ranged burst damage. Yes, it can be used at range, and is often effective when you are attempting to kite. It can also be effective when the target you need to burst is a decent distance away from you, including those who are trying to run away. However, in PvE, Hammer of Wrath is generally not used while under the effects of Avenging Wrath, as Templar's Verdict and Exorcism are worth more damage. It can still be useful when your target is at range in PvE.
Judgement - Why is the damage of this ability such crap? Because that is the way Blizzard wanted it for Cataclysm. This ability is no longer used for purely DPS purposes. Instead, it is used to proc a wide range of things. Judgement procs Judgements of the Bold (our main form of mana regeneration), Judgements of the Pure (a baseline increase in our haste that lasts for 1 minute), and can proc Divine Purpose, which is a very important talent.
Crusader Strike - Same as always. Try to use it on cooldown. Each use grants 1 Holy Power, and grants 3 Holy Power while under the effects of Zealotry.
Divine Storm - Why does the damage of this ability suck now? Because Blizzard really wanted to cut down on AoE DPS overall. Very useful for AoE DPS and another AoE with which you can unstealth Rogues and other stealthers.
Hammer of Wrath - This ability is worth a lot of damage on targets that are at low hit points (20% or below). Particularly effective at last-hitting opponents that are trying to run away. In PvE, generally it only is used when a boss is below 20% health. However, it can be used at other times while under the effects of Avenging Wrath when talented into Sanctified Wrath. For more information, please see the notes for Avenging Wrath.